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Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography
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Integrating 2D and 3D Multiplanar Sonography in the Prenatal Diagnosis of Arnold-Chiari Type 2 Malformation

Gabriele Tonni, MD, PHD

Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Guastalla Civil Hospital, Guastalla Reggio Emilia, Italy, Tonni.Gabriele{at}ausl.re.it

Alessandro Ventura, MD

Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Guastalla Civil Hospital, Guastalla Reggio Emilia, Italy

Arnold-Chiari type 2 malformation is a congenital deformity characterized by displacement of cerebellar tonsils, parts of the corpus callosum, and the medulla oblongata through the foramen magnum into the spinal canal. Sonographic diagnostic criteria are based on the "lemon sign" of the cephalic pole, enlargement of the lateral ventricle, and abnormalities of the posterior fossa consisting of an anomalous profile of the cerebellar hemispheres ("banana sign") associated with a reduced or absent cisterna magna. Identification of a large, open neural tube defect is the other hallmark of the prenatal sonographic diagnosis. Multiplanar 3D enhances the definition and the exact extension of the spine defect and has the potential of calculating the amount of cerebellar hemispheres undergoing herniation through the foramen of Magendie and Lutchka, which is one of the main factors in predicting or modifying the postnatal neurosurgery strategy and the subsequent postnatal neurodevelopmental outcome.

Key Words: prenatal diagnosis • 3D multiplanar sonography • hydrocephalus • open spina bifida • Arnold-Chiari malformation

Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography, Vol. 22, No. 1, 24-28 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/8756479305283991
Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us   Add to Digg Digg   Add to Reddit Reddit   Add to Technorati Technorati    What's this?